Panel 1 Panel 2 3.3 Material efficiency and quality Another notable result was the reduction in shotcrete rebound and overall material waste. With the wet-mix, fiber-reinforced shotcrete and improved spraying technique, rebound (the portion of material that does not adhere and falls to the floor) was observed to be around 10–15% of volume applied. This is an improvement from the ~20–25% rebound measured previously with the dry-mix, mesh-reinforced process. Over the course of the trial, this efficiency saved many cubic meters of shotcrete material and reduced the
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