OFFICIAL conservative design progressive failure / convergence domain-based design; reinforcement upgrades instrumentation (convergence/extensometers) Prevent North America, Latin America post-blast instability rapid support installation; mechanised support re-entry timing rules Prevent Global Table 5 - Necessary controls for risk removal Risk Primary measures Control intent Regions where critical work under unsupported ground automated/robotic bolting; mechanised mesh & shotcrete Eliminate Australia, Canada, Chile inspection in unstable zones remote sensing (LiDAR, drones, scanners) Eliminate Australia, Europe high-risk repetitive tasks autonomous cycles; “people-light” mines Eliminate Australia The application of ground support is directly aligned with Critical Control Management principles and enables the effective enforcement of life-saving controls. Establishing an adequate installation and enforcing this via automation enables, timely and verifiable delivery without reliance on human behaviour, enabling digital traceability to confirm the control effectiveness and finally providing a transition of management of critical controls requirement (ICMM, 2015). 6. GEOTECHNICAL CONTROLS Geotechnical controls are an integrated system applied throughout the life of a mine and consist of six interrelated components: characterisation, design, ground support, exposure control, monitoring, and response; that together function as a means of preventing and controlling instability. These six components, when aligned (Tables 6 and 7) create a closed loop approach to geotechnical controls that anticipates risk, engineers out hazard wherever possible, controls unavoidable risks and continually evolves throughout the life cycle of mining, producing safer and more resilient operations. Table 6 - Geotechnical controls 1. Geotechnical characterisation & ground knowledge (Foundation of all control) The systematic Characterisation, testing, and measurement of rocks prior to and during their mining gives an advanced projection of how these masses will behave during operation (Hoek et al., 2002; Barton 2002; Brady & Brown, 2006). By integrating
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2