OFFICIAL Looking further ahead, quantum technologies promise breakthroughs in sensing and computation. Quantum gravimetric sensors could provide ultra-precise subsurface imaging, revealing geological structures and stress fields beyond the reach of conventional methods. In parallel, quantum computing offers unprecedented capacity for simulating complex rock mass behaviour and reliability-based design in the presence of significant geological uncertainty, tasks that currently strain classical computational resources. These capabilities will accelerate the development of digital twins for geotechnical systems, supporting proactive design and operational decision-making. Together, these trends converge toward a vision of autonomous, data-rich mining ecosystems where sensing, interpretation, and control are seamlessly integrated. In this way, the industry can achieve safer, more sustainable resource extraction while meeting the growing demands of global energy transition and environmental stewardship. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to key collaborators and partners who were critical to the development of the R&D discussed herein, including ACARP, Boeing, DataMine, IDS GeoRadar, GroundProbe, Rio Tinto, BHP, Glencore, NASA, ISS National Lab and other companies and partners. REFERENCES Creighton, A., Bixley, M., Elmouttie, M., Hassall, M., Macciotta, R., and Juldz, A. (2022). A reliability-based design acceptance criteria approach for inter-ramp and overall open pit slopes. Slope Stability 2022, Tucson, AZ United States, 17-21 October 2022. Duan, Y., Luo, X., van de Werken, M., Dean, P., Elmouttie, M. 2023. Numerical investigation of seismic source location using distributed acoustic sensing for rockfall monitoring. Third International Slope Stability in Mining Conference (SSIM 2023), 1416 November 2023. Duan, Y., Shen, B., Luo, X., van de Werken M., Harpley, D., Lin, X., 2025a, Application of distributed acoustic sensing for caving mechanisms assessment at an underground longwall coal mine, Bowen Basin Symposium 2025, Mackay, Australia, 15-17 September 2025. Duan Y., Angel M., Luo X., Lin X., Harpley D., van de Werken M., Shen B., 2025b, Identification of geological layer depths using distributed acoustic sensing in vertical boreholes, Bowen Basin Symposium 2025, Mackay, Australia, 15-17 September 2025. Elmouttie, M, Poropat G, 2016 TW8941 Monitoring systems and methods. WO2017020077A1
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