becomes a strategic turning point that redefines territorial sustainability and conditions the possibility of consolidating resilience, institutional legitimacy, and truly fair and sustainable post-mining development trajectories. The proposed strategic social management model contributes precisely to closing the gap identified between closure understood as an orderly exit and closure conceived as a process of territorial transformation. Its added value lies in making visible and manageable what regulations tend to omit: the loss of positive impacts, the risks derived from extractive dependence, and the need to strengthen local capacities before the mine's withdrawal. In a global context marked by the energy transition and the reconfiguration of the extractive sector, this approach is not only relevant but urgent. REFERENCES Arond, E., Vega-Araújo, J., Peña Niño, J., & Patzy, F. (2025). Just coal transitions in Colombia: Between policy and reality. Stockholm Environment Institute & Natural Resource Governance Institute. Interamerican Association for Environmental Defense (AIDA). (2025). Colombia: Communities and workers win first court ruling on coal mine closure that protects their rights. Bae, I., Hasselbrinck, P., Piller, S., Quiroga, D., & Seckel, M. (2024). Colombia’s just energy transition: A people-centered cost-benefit analysis (Background paper 11, National Human Development Report 2024). London School of Economics and Political Science, School of Public Policy. Bainton, N. A., & Holcombe, S. (2018). A critical review of the social aspects of mine closure. Resources Policy, 59, 468–478. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.08.020 Bez, C. S., Naumann, L., & Steckel, J. C. (2023). A political backlash to job losses in mining? The case of Colombia (Working paper). Environment for Development (EfD) Initiative. Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. (2025). Colombia: Constitutional Court issues first ruling on citizen participation in coal mine closures. CNV Internationaal. (2021). Swiss multinational turns its back on workers while ending decades of lucrative mining business in Colombia. https://www.cnvinternationaal.nl/en/topical/news/swiss-mining-multinational-glencore-pr odeco-leaves-colombia Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) International Secretariat. (2023). Engaging communities in a just transition. EITI. 124
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