Figure 1 – a) Zoning of thermal regions highlighting the Southern Volcanic Axis (Region 5). b) Distribution of geothermal potential (MWe) and its coincidence with southern mining units, evidencing the formation of energy clusters (Adapted from INGEMMET, 2021). 2.2. Energy Demand Inventory To determine supply feasibility, a power inventory of Large Mining Operations was established. The aggregate demand of the axis exceeds 900 MW of firm power, highlighting Cerro Verde as the system's largest individual consumer (Table 1). Table 1 – Average Power Demand – Large-Scale Mining Sector in Southern Peru. Mining Unit Operator Location Approx. Demand (MW) Technical Comment Cerro Verde Freeport-McM oRan Arequipa 350 - 400 MW Largest system load; requires base power after C2 expansion. Quellaveco Anglo American Moquegua 187 MW Wind supply (Punta Lomitas), subject to variability. Toquepala Southern Peru (SPCC) Tacna 130 - 150 MW Demand doubled after concentrator expansion. Cuajone Southern Peru (SPCC) Moquegua 90 - 110 MW Stable and predictable load profile. Ilo Smelter/Re f. Southern Peru (SPCC) Moquegua ~60 - 80 MW High thermal and electrical intensity processes. TOTAL SOUTH AXIS ~927 MW Potential Market for Geothermal 129
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