determines the area required for the offset, showing that PCA sizing does not respond to fixed surface ratios, but to ecological functionality and the technical assumptions applied. The quantitative results summarized in Table 1 and shown in Figure 2 indicate that the relationship between ecological gain (ΔEV) and the area to be offset is not linear. Cases with extensive areas associated with moderate gains are observed and, in contrast, cases with reduced areas that achieve equal or higher gains—confirming the importance of the initial ecological condition and the functional approach in offset design. This approach makes it possible to link PCA results with emerging disclosure frameworks such as TNFD, particularly in the quantitative evaluation of impacts and gains, without assuming that a gain estimated at the design stage guarantees ecologically verifiable outcomes over time—reinforcing the need for robust Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems. Figure 2. Minimum pathway to demonstrate “Nature Positive” contributions from a PCA, aligned with the TNFD LEAP approach and MRV 152
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