redistributive mechanisms do not automatically translate into transformative governance. Across the corridor, these variations underscore a common pattern: when governance relies primarily on emergency responses, compensation, or localized bargaining, it may secure short-term operability but remains ill-equipped to align critical mineral extraction with the longer-term social and territorial objectives implied by a just energy transition. A central implication of this analysis is that the governance of critical minerals cannot be reduced to the management of conflict or the redistribution of extractive rents, but requires institutional arrangements capable of supporting sustained coordination over time. From this perspective, governance challenges in the SMC are not only the result of weak state capacity, but also of the absence of stable informational and procedural infrastructures through which actors can construct shared diagnoses, negotiate priorities, and engage beyond episodic interactions. In this context, the OTT are best understood as governance-oriented platforms that seek to make visible territorial dynamics, support the co-production of information, and enable more sustained forms of multistakeholder coordination, rather than as stand-alone policy solutions. While this analysis is grounded in qualitative evidence from three territories within a single mining corridor, its implications extend beyond the Peruvian case. The findings point to broader challenges faced by mineral-dependent regions positioned at the core of the global energy transition, where pressures to secure supply often outpace the development of governance capacities on the ground. They also highlight the relevance of national policy and regulatory frameworks capable of strengthening territorial coordination, clarifying roles across levels of government, and reducing reliance on emergency-driven and compensatory modes of governance. Future research could further examine how governance infrastructures evolve over time, how informational asymmetries are reduced or reproduced, and under what conditions emerging coordination mechanisms contribute to more durable and inclusive forms of territorial transformation. Rather than treating governance as a secondary concern, the experience of the SMC underscores its centrality to any credible pathway toward a just and socially grounded energy transition. References Bebbington, A., Abdulai, A. G., Humphreys Bebbington, D., Hinfelaar, M., & Sanborn, C. (2018). Governing extractive industries: Politics, histories, ideas (p. 304). Oxford University Press. Ciplet, D. (2022). Transition coalitions: Toward a theory of transformative just transitions. Environmental Sociology, 8(3), 315-330. De Bièvre, D., & Eckhardt, J. (2010). The political economy of EU anti-dumping reform (No. 03/2010). ECIPE Working Paper. Fortunato, D. (2021). The cycle of coalition. Cambridge University Press. Gustafsson, Maria-Therese, and Martin Scurrah. "Subnational governance strategies at the extractive frontier: collaboration and conflict in Peru." Territory, politics, governance 11.1 (2023): 1-18. Hamilton, M., & Lubell, M. (2018). Collaborative governance of climate change adaptation across spatial and institutional scales. Policy Studies Journal, 46(2), 222-247. 169
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