Industry associations (e.g., SNMPE, SONAMI, CAEM, ACM, IBRAM) play important roles in sector coordination, public-private dialogue, training and technical inputs. However, given their representative mandate, these forums do not substitute for independent assurance mechanisms with comparable transparency and safeguards against conflicts of interest. An example of sector contribution is the adoption of TSM through national associations, aiming to raise practices and reporting. 2.3 The implementation gap: comparability, incentives and consequences The critical gap in the region is not the absence of global standards, but the lack of consistent mechanisms to compare evidence, ensure independence and link results to incentives and consequences (e.g., responsible procurement, access to finance, time-bound improvement plans with follow-up). Where verification quality and institutional capacity vary, the risk of inconsistent evidence and uneven corrective action increases. In this sense, CMSI-LATAM is conceived as a regional layer that does not replace the State or industry associations, but strengthens implementation through regional interpretation, accreditation and assurance, transparency and comparative learning. Table 1 – Countries, associations and public evidence of standards adoption (examples) Country Associatio n The Copper Mark / Nickel Mark (examples) IRMA (examples) TSM (examples) Peru SNMPE Toquepala, Ilo, Cuajone (SPCC) Quellaveco (Moquegua) – on-site audit announced Externally verified TSM at Huarón and Shahuindo (Pan American Silver) Chile SONAMI El Abra and Andacollo Salar de Atacama (Albemarle) – IRMA audit and report published Not identified as country-level adoption in consulted public sources Argentin a CAEM Not identified in consulted participant list Fénix (Arcadium Lithium) – IRMA audit and report published Argentina adopts TSM through CAEM (agreement with Mining Association of Canada) Colombi a ACM Not identified in consulted participant list Not identified in consulted public sources Not identified as country-level adoption in consulted public sources 193
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