1.6Geomorphological processes and natural hazards The area is susceptible to several mass-wasting processes, including sheet erosion, rill erosion, rotational and translational landslides, rockfall, and debris flows. Among these, rotational landslides are the most relevant phenomenon due to their capacity to mobilize large volumes of material, with increased precipitation as the main triggering factor. Landscapes prone to flooding—such as fluvial valleys and low terraces—show high environmental sensitivity, especially when combined with limited vegetation cover. 1.7Mining infrastructure and erosional dynamics The Mirador Mine includes major infrastructure consisting of the Mirador and Mirador Norte pits, the South and East waste-rock dumps, the Quimi and Tundayme tailings facilities, a processing plant with four production lines, and auxiliary facilities. Figure 3. Main and complementary works of the Mirador Mine Due to intense rainfall, steep topography, and soil characteristics, slope failures occur frequently in the area, particularly in zones disturbed during construction. Exposed areas are highly susceptible to erosion, which can increase suspended solids concentrations in nearby drainages. 210
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