days, while seeds begin germinating from day 18 onward. When feasible, hydroseeding is also applied to waste dumps, areas declared closed, and material deposition sites. In addition to geotechnical stability measures, environmental rehabilitation treatments were implemented through revegetation of slopes and areas undergoing closure using the techniques described above. Species with potential for ecological restoration were identified through nursery trials, determining that Cyperus luzulae and Cyperus odorata show high adaptability, achieving cover close to 73% within four weeks. S4 S12 S14 S15 Figure 4. Germination of Cyperus luzulae, chronological order by week: 4, 12, 14, and 15 in a divided seedbed with evaluation quadrants. Soil analyses indicated favorable conditions for these species in acidic soils with high nitrogen content, low phosphorus, and medium potassium content. Given soil characteristics, topographic conditions, and high precipitation, rehabilitation has been carried out both manually and by hydroseeding. However, over years of operation, hydroseeding has proven to be the most suitable system, demonstrating that it is a safe, efficient, and rapid method. It is important to note that with manual revegetation, progress is approximately one hectare in about 20 days with a team of 10 people, whereas with hydroseeding the same work can be performed by three operators and revegetation of one hectare can be completed in approximately 3 hours. 212
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2