4.1 Peru's Mining Investment Attractiveness Index Table 2 shows a drop in the mining investment attractiveness index in Peru from 81.6% in 2018 to 44% in 2023 and 61.2% in 2024, mainly affected by the drop in the rating of political perception, even reaching the lowest historical level (34%) in 2022, and as a consequence the drop in the mining potential index to 44.4% in 2023 although it recovers its rating of 65.9% in 2024 (Fraser, 2025, p.14). This decline in the mining investment attractiveness index in Peru should be interpreted as reflecting how our country has fallen in its Mining Potential ranking, from 8th place in 2018 to 42nd in 2023 (its lowest position ever). Even after recovering to 25th place in 2024, it has been overtaken by other countries where exploration is underway and large copper and cobalt deposits are being discovered, such as Congo (an African country), which in 2024 surpassed Peru as the second largest copper producer, attracting the world's largest mining investors. Table 2 – Mining Investment Attractiveness Index – Peru / Average 2020 - 2024 Index (%) 2018 201 9 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Avera ge Attracting mining investment 81.6 75. 1 70.4 61.6 60.7 44.0 61.2 60 Political perception (40%) 79.7 67. 0 75.2 46.3 33.8 43.4 54.2 51 Mining Potential (60%) 82.8 80. 6 67.2 71.9 78.6 44.4 65.9 66 Position in Mining Potential 8 12 30 24 17 42 25 4.3 Strategies for promoting mining investments “From Problem to Opportunity” described in Figure 4, attempts to outline the global context of the research area aimed at understanding the problem and the opportunity to propose strategies for promoting mining investments and their impact on the sustainability of the mining sector. In other words, when a country's economy enters a recession (red), it has direct consequences on the social dimension (more unemployment, informality, crime, poverty, etc.) and the environmental dimension (for example, a lack of resources to promote energy transition or renewable energy technologies to achieve the Net Zero goal). Conversely, when the economy is growing (green), it has a positive impact on the social and environmental dimensions, based on global policies such as those proposed in the World Bank's Climate Smart Mining initiative. This dynamic of migrating from red (negative) indicators to green (positive) indicators allows for growth and a trend towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as 23
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