infrastructure, and productive strengthening. However, no programs for co-production of community information, community journalism, participatory audiovisual production, or co-produced territorial assessments are identified (Antamina, 2025). Las Bambas (MMG) operates in one of the most conflict-ridden mining territories in Peru (Apurímac). The case is paradigmatic: despite multimillion-dollar investments in infrastructure, local employment, and royalties, the operation experienced 173 days of blockades in 2022 and approximately 700 days of total shutdown (CEPLAN, 2024). The absence of informational and cultural co-production programs left a void where conflict narratives were amplified without community counterweight (MMG, 2025). Gold Fields Peru has the group's most recognizable educational program: "Saber Para Ganar" (Knowledge to Win), which ran for nine consecutive years in Hualgayoc. However, this is a conventional education program (improving school learning), not a cultural co-production or participatory social research program. Its "Protagonistas Mineras" (Mining Protagonists) and "Beca Futuro Mujer" (Future Women Scholarship) programs focus on job placement, not on community knowledge production (Gold Fields, 2025). Cerro Verde —a subsidiary of Freeport-McMoRan—focuses its social management on large infrastructure projects (such as the La Tomilla II Water Treatment Plant, which benefits the entire Arequipa region). Its approach is characteristically top-down and infrastructural, without documented programs of cultural co-production or participatory research (Cerro Verde, 2025). Table 1. Comparative analysis of social reporting — Top 5 mining companies Merco 2025 Dimension Minsur Antamina Las Bambas Gold Fields Cerro Verde Infrastructure investment ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ Works for Taxes (OxI) ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓ Local employment programs ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓✓ Conventional educational programs ✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓✓ ✓ Dialogue tables ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓ Community cultural production — — — — — Community Libraries — — — — — Community journalism — — — — — participatory audiovisual — — — — — 73
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