The most successful post-mining solutions are planned early, costed realistically, and agreed with communities and authorities. They combine landform design, water management, biodiversity recovery, infrastructure reuse, and economic planning. When these elements are integrated, closure can reduce environmental liability while creating long-term social and economic value. 12. CONCLUSIONS Delivering minerals while safeguarding environmental systems is a major challenge for the mining sector. Incremental improvements in sustainability are useful but insufficient where ecosystems are already under pressure and where communities expect durable benefits from resource development. This paper proposes a nature-positive approach based on mandatory restoration, biodiversity protection, financial assurance, TNFD-aligned disclosure, collaborative governance, post-mining revitalization, and gender-responsive professional engagement through Women in Mining networks. The central argument is that economic development and environmental stewardship should be designed together. When restoration, transparency, and community partnership are built into the full mine life cycle, mining can contribute to mineral supply, ecological recovery, and long-term societal trust. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author thanks international organizations, industry initiatives, and research institutions whose work on sustainable development, environmental protection, responsible mining, nature-related disclosure, and biodiversity assessment informed this study. REFERENCES Convention on Biological Diversity. (2022). Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. International Council on Mining and Metals. (2022). Mining Principles: Performance Expectations. London: ICMM. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. (2019). Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Bonn: IPBES Secretariat. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. (2022). Methodological Assessment Report on the Diverse Values and Valuation of Nature. Bonn: IPBES Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6522392 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. (2026). Methodological Assessment Report of the Impact and Dependency of Business on Biodiversity and Nature’s Contributions to People. Bonn: IPBES Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17185116 Mining Association of Canada. (2023). Towards Sustainable Mining Protocols and Guides. Ottawa: Mining Association of Canada. Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures. (2023). Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures. London: TNFD. 9
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