And yet the world is in critical need of new critical minerals projects; since the age of easy discoveries is gone, capital is shifting toward early-stage greenfield projects with extended return horizons. Investors are exposed to a more complex set of risks, where geological potential could be secondary to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues which, in association with regulatory hurdles, could prevent promising projects to come on stream. This is where the long-term challenge lies, the need to create a conducive environment for investment to reach fruition, based on a fellowship of purposes, with tangible wins for all actors involved, in a society as fractured and heterogeneous as the Peruvian one. References Hunt, S. (1975). Direct Foreign Investment in Peru: New Rules for an old Game, in The Peruvian Experiment, Princeton University Press Middlebrook, K.J. Notes for the Reconsideration of the Peruvian Experiment, Latin American Program, The Wilson Center, Working Papers, No.35 Thorp, R, Bertram G. (1978), Peru, 1890-1977: Growth and Policy in an Open Economy, Columbia University Press Lowenthal, A.F. (1975). The Peruvian Experiment, Princeton University Press Stallings, B. International Capitalism and the Peruvian Military Government, 1968-1978, Latin American Program, The Wilson Center, Working Papers, No.20 Lagos, G. (2017). Mining nationalization and privatization in Peru and in Chile, Miner Econ 31, 127–139 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-017-0124-9 Paliza, R. (1999). Impacto de las privatizaciones en el Perú, Revista Estudios Económicos, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, issue 4, pages 9-37. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.bcrp.gob.pe/docs/Publicac iones/Documentos-de-Trabajo/1999/Documento-Trabajo-07-1999.pdf Campodónico, H. (1999). Las reformas estructurales en el sector minero peruano y las características de la inversión 1992-2008, CEPAL, Serie Reformas Económicas, No.24 Gurmendi, A.C. (1999). The Mineral Industry of Peru, U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook. 22.3-22.6 137
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