Table 5 – Cu-case GWP results (per plant unit and entire product system) Plant unit GWP results (CO2e emissions) Unit Primary grinding 31 739 (kg CO2e/h) Secondary grinding 25 607 Rougher flotation 11 615 Regrinding 2 179.1 Cleaner flotation 1 670.7 Concentrate dewatering 299.01 Tailings dewatering 3 445 Total 76 555 (kg CO2e/h) Concentrate production 63.4 (t/h) Final LCA result [ref: product] 1 207 (kg CO2e / t Cu con) Final LCA result [ref: ore feed] 25.1 (kg CO2e / t ore feed) The copper concentrator emits approximately 76,555 kg CO2e/h at a production rate of 63.4 t/h of concentrate, corresponding to 1,207 kg CO2e/t of concentrate. When expressed per tonne of ore feed, the intensity is 25.1 kg CO2e. The same methodology was followed for the iron and lithium cases (Table 6). Table 6 – All case studies GWP results Unit GWP results (CO2e emissions) Copper Iron ore Lithium Total CO2e emissions (kg CO2e / h) 76 555 37 079 2 274 Concentrate production (t con / h) 63.4 3 003.0 21.8 Ore feed rate (t ore / h) 3 044.0 6 492.0 336.4 Final LCA result [ref: product] (kg CO2e / t con) 1 207 12.3 104.3 Final LCA result [ref: ore feed] (kg CO2e / t feed) 25.1 5.7 6.8 The iron concentrator (situated in Brazil) includes a HPGR and ball milling units, magnetic separation, desliming, flotation (rougher, cleaner, scavenger), regrinding, and dewatering sections. The plant emits approximately 37,079 kg CO2e/h at 3 003 t/h of concentrate, equating to 12.3 kg CO2e/t of concentrate and 5.7 kg CO2e/t of ore feed. The lithium plant (Finland) comprises crushing, ore sorting, grinding, magnetic separation, pre-flotation, spodumene flotation (rougher and cleaner), dewatering, and tailings dry stacking. The inclusion of crushing enables a fuller gate-to-gate perspective. This plant emits 215
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