● Suspended = 0.7 ● Revoked = 0.4 This recognizes that revoked registrations may still reflect territorial embeddedness or residual influence. High TIP scores indicate regions where informal mining has scale and continuity. (2) State Fragility (SF) Constructed from inverse combinations of: ● HDI ● IDE Higher scores indicate lower territorial capacity to regulate, coordinate, or provide governance certainty. (3) Illicit Financial Capacity (IFC) Based on normalized regional financial-risk proxies. Higher values suggest stronger illegal liquidity networks capable of financing operations, patronage, or territorial expansion. (4) Human Disruption Capacity (HDC) Built from SUTRAN human-cause road interruption records (2022–2025), considering: ● frequency ● persistence across years ● territorial spread ● interruption severity This component reflects the ability to impose territorial pressure through collective disruption. (5) Gold Formal Exposure (GFE) Measures presence of formal gold-producing operations using: ● number of producing units ● territorial spread ● concentration of gold activity High GFE values indicate regions where illegal mining may generate stronger reputational, logistical, or coexistence risks for formal operators. 5.4 Composite Risk Logic All indicators were standardized to a 0–100 scale and combined through weighted aggregation: TLRI = (0.30 TIP) + (0.20 SF) + (0.20 IFC) + 33
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