The findings also show that territorial overlap is a critical vulnerability driver. Where informal and formal gold activities coexist, operational friction, reputational exposure, corridor insecurity, and traceability risks become more likely. Likewise, economic embeddedness increases resilience. Once informal mining becomes an important source of income, liquidity, or employment, purely repressive interventions face structural limitations. Finally, repeated cycles of regulatory extensions, suspensions, and revocations may unintentionally deepen uncertainty. Rather than resolving informality, unstable frameworks can normalize ambiguity and reinforce adaptive informal behavior. 7.2 Strategic Typology of Territories The TLRI results suggest that Peru’s mining territories can be interpreted through four strategic categories: Critical Risk Territories High illegal pressure and high governance vulnerability. Examples: Puno. Structured Illicit Pressure Territories High illegal pressure with stronger relative institutional conditions. Examples: Arequipa. Transitional High-Risk Territories Intermediate but escalating combinations of exposure and fragility. Examples: Apurímac, Cusco, La Libertad. Latent Vulnerability Territories Lower current pressure but weaker governance capacity, creating future expansion risk. Examples: Amazonas, Huánuco, Piura. This typology supports differentiated policy responses rather than uniform national strategies. 7.3 Barriers to Implementation Several barriers may limit immediate deployment of the TLRI framework: Data Fragmentation Relevant datasets remain dispersed across ministries, regulators, financial intelligence units, and transport authorities. Political Sensitivity Risk classification of territories may generate institutional resistance or local contestation. Proxy Dependence Certain dimensions—especially social legitimacy and territorial influence—require indirect measurement. Analytical Capacity Gaps Implementation requires technical capabilities in data engineering, territorial intelligence, and GIS analytics. 40
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