1134 decarbonization process. • MRV and baselining: footprint calculation, boundaries, data consolidation, and audit-ready reporting (Scopes 1–2, dual Scope 2). • Efficiency: energy management and optimization to reduce fuel and power demand before switching. • Renewable electricity: renewable supply contracts/PPAs and distributed generation concepts for mine sites. • Renewable liquid fuels: drop-in renewable diesel/HVO logistics and ramp-up (up to ~90% lifecycle GHG reduction depending on pathway/certification). • Renewable gases: biomethane options for stationary energy and hybrids where feasible. • Hydrogen and derivatives: feasibility, pilots and scaling (including refuelling infrastructure and safety case). • Synthetic fuels (longer term): e-fuels for hard-to-electrify segments. • Residual emissions: compensation via carbon sink initiatives after mitigation. Table 2 – Mapping Repsol contributions to mining use cases (illustrative) Use Case Repsol Contribution GHG lever Diesel haulage Renewable diesel/HVO supply + logistics; transition planning to H2 pilots Scope 1 Processing electricity Renewable power contracts/PPAs; distributed generation concepts Scope 2 Remote / weakgrid sites Hybrid systems: renewables + storage + dispatchable backup Scope 1+2 Reporting readiness MRV systems; supplier documentation Enabler Residual emissions Compensation via sinks (after mitigation) Residual Source note: Repsol, “Soluciones a la descarbonización. Propuestas Repsol” (session material, September 2023). 6. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY Mining operational decarbonization is feasible but benefits from an integrated portfolio: renewable electricity, efficiency, renewable fuels and (longer term) hydrogen [1], [2]. For Peru, aligning mining operations with low-emissions pathways supports long-term competitiveness under increasing market and policy expectations [6], [7]. Next steps should focus on site-specific techno-economic assessments and standardized metrics for low-emissions mineral production REFERENCES [1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report – Summary for Policymakers, Geneva, Switzerland, 2023.
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