1141 Indicator High Gas (2030) Balanced Hybrid (2030) ★ Accelerated Renewable (2030) Infrastructure readiness (2026) High Medium Low Note: Cost indices are relative to the Balanced Hybrid baseline. Electricity price estimates are indicative and based on regional benchmarks. Reliability risk assessments assume current storage cost levels; the assessment for the Accelerated Renewable scenario improves materially as battery storage costs fall toward 2035. Sources: Clark & McGregor (2024); Ordoudis et al. (2018); Osinergmin (2026); IEA (2025); author projections. Three structural points emerge from the comparison. First, the Balanced Hybrid pathway achieves meaningful emissions reductions — approximately 40% against the 2024 baseline — at a system cost comparable to or below the high-gas scenario, without incurring the reliability risks of the accelerated renewable strategy. Second, the cost premium of the accelerated renewable scenario is driven primarily by storage and balancing requirements; this premium will narrow as storage costs fall, but in the short term, such a reduction is not envisaged. Third, infrastructure readiness is a binding near-term constraint: the accelerated renewable scenario requires investments in transmission, storage, and grid flexibility that do not currently exist at the required scale. 4.4 International Benchmark A comparison with peer mining jurisdictions reinforces both the strength of Peru’s position and the importance of maintaining it. Table 24 – International Benchmark: Mining Energy Systems in Comparative Perspective Jurisdiction Key Resources Main Strength Main Constraint Lesson for Peru Industrial Power Price Chile Hydropower, Solar (Atacama), Coal and LNG imports World-leading solar deployment; low generation costs Transmission congestion; largescale curtailment; continued coal dependency; high prices High renewable penetration requires parallel infrastructure — speed without flexibility creates new costs 166 USD/ MW.h Colombia Hydropower (~70%), thermal backup Low-carbon baseline; hydro cost efficiency Hydrological vulnerability; drought forces expensive thermal backup Even low-carbon systems need dispatchable backup — reliability cannot be assumed 203 USD/ MW.h Canada (remote) Diesel, some hydro, hybrid pilots Frontier hybrid system experience Geographic isolation; high diesel dependence; infrastructure costs prohibitive at scale Modular and LNGbased solutions can bridge remote energy gaps, but scale remains a challenge 108 USD/ MW.h Australia Gas, coal, expanding renewables Abundant domestic gas; sophisticated power market Grid integration challenges; coal Domestic gas as price anchor works — but requires 240 USD/ MW.h
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2