1803 f. Environmental and Climate Development Funds: f.1.) Regional Accounting and Clean Development Funds: Amazon (FDA), Northeast (FDNE), and Midwest (FDCO) development funds promote regional development. FDIRS supports sustainable infrastructure, PPPs in sanitation, transport, urban infrastructure, and water security, expanding access to public services. f.2.) National Environmental and Climate Development Funds: Funds like Brazil’s National Climate Change Fund (FNMCL) finance mitigation and adaptation projects using public and international resources, aiming to conserve the environment, promote sustainable use, and benefit vulnerable communities. g.) International Clean Technology Funds: Clean technology funds support low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries. Key funds: Climate Investment Funds (CIF, 2008), World Bank Clean Technology Fund49 (CTF, 2008, US$5.5B), Green Climate Fund (GCF, 2010, US$10.3B), African Development Bank Sustainable Energy Fund (SEF, 2015, US$300M), FUNBIO (1999, R$500M), Green Climate Fund50 Asia Development Bank (2010, US$5B), Amazon Fund51 (Brazil, 2008, R$3.1B). These funds demonstrate multi-sectoral coordination potential for environmental policy. h.) Diffuse Rights and Climate Justice Funds: These funds support vulnerable populations through social transfers, green jobs training, and sustainable micro and small business practices, also defining PES guidelines. Example: Brazil’s Fund for the Defense of Diffuse Rights (FDD, Law 7.347/1985), protecting diffuse rights including the environment, funded by fines and voluntary contributions, managed by the Ministry of Justice. 3. DISCUSSION Six points for debate on promoting sustainable development from public revenues from natural resources: (i) Legitimacy vs. social control: Civil society has oversight rights, but low transparency, information asymmetry, technical complexity, and political resistance hinder control. Strengthening transparency and social control is a prerequisite for institutional alignment. 49 https://www.cif.org/topics/clean-technologies 50 The Green Climate Fund (GCF) was established under the Cancun Agreement in 2010 to assist developing countries in responding to global climate change. The Fund functions as a Financial Mechanism of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement.Vide: https://www.greenclimate.fund/about 51 https://www.fundoamazonia.gov.br/pt/transparencia/doacoes/
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