1927 • Risk communication mechanisms to share risk-related information with stakeholders, including reporting and escalation procedures. 3. METHODOLOGY: FRAMEWORK COMPONENTS The Quantitative Flyrock Risk Management Framework comprises four interlinked components – Modelling, Monitoring, Measuring, and Managing as indicated in Figure 1. Again, these components correspond to the stages of anticipating risk, capturing outcomes, quantifying disparities, and acting on insights, respectively. Figure 1 - Flyrock Risk Management Framework components 3.1 Modelling Component The modelling component provides a quantitative risk assessment of potential flyrock before a blast is fired. It predicts the maximum throw distances by simulating rock fragment trajectories using input parameters reflective of local conditions. Based on the factors and mechanisms that cause flyrock, various techniques have been developed to predict flyrock occurrences (Raina, 2023). Some of the techniques are rock engineering related, empirical, ballistic, statistical (Van Der Walt & Spiteri, 2023). The ballistic method applies the principles of projectile motion to predict the trajectory and distance of flyrock (Stojadinović, et al., 2011). It considers factors such as initial velocity, angle of projection, gravity and air resistance as indicated in Figure 2. This method provides a clear physical and mathematical basis for predictions and can be used to simulate different blasting scenarios. This method was adapted for the modelling component of the framework.
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