1928 Figure 2 - Flyrock trajectory modelling components Traditional ballistic methods assume generic input parameters (such as fragment size or shape) in trajectory calculations, which may not reflect local geology or blast practices, leading to inaccurate exclusion zone estimates. To address this, as part of the framework, the modelling approach was amended to use sitespecific and domain-specific inputs, which was derived by re-evaluating the parameters of the flyrock model as depicted in Figure 3. Figure 3 - Flyrock model parameters A novel aspect of the re-evaluation of the parameters is using fragment morphometry data to calibrate trajectory inputs. During initial field studies, flyrock fragments from blasts at the mine sites were collected and analyzed (using 3D scanning and image analysis) to quantify their size, shape, and other characteristics. From this site/domain-representative values for fragment shape factors, sphericity (which influence drag) and other criteria were obtained. For instance, the average, over the five mine sites evaluated,
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