1929 fragment shape factor (a dimensionless measure of how irregular the shape is relative to a sphere) was found to be ~1.05 (Figure 4) and average fragment sphericity ~0.78. Figure 4 – Plot of the measured flyrock projectiles Shape factor vs Cross-sectional area factor This initial work indicated that flyrock projectile fragments seem to be more compact in shape (Figure 5), where most literature references tend to be more bladed. Figure 5 – Measured flyrock projectiles Sneed & Folk classification These empirically derived values replaced assumptions in the model’s calculations, and together with the inclusion of the effects of altitude (as a number of the mine sites in Anglo American is situated at 3000-4000m above sea level) is leading to more site-specific predictions of flyrock travel distances (Fmax).
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