2497 The results identify differentiated territorial profiles across Peru. 6.1 National Ranking of Territorial Legitimacy Risk Highest Risk Tier The leading regions in the composite TLRI ranking are: 1. Puno 2. Arequipa 3. Apurímac 4. Cusco 5. Madre de Dios 6. La Libertad These territories represent the strongest combinations of informal mining pressure, governance vulnerability, illicit economic capacity, and overlap with formal gold production. 6.2 Critical Territorial Cluster Puno Puno records the highest TLRI score nationwide. Its position is explained by: • highest concentration of illicit financial indicators • very strong informal mining territorial presence • elevated state fragility • sustained human disruption potential • strategic location in transnational corridors This suggests that Puno represents the most advanced case of territorial legitimacy competition. Arequipa Arequipa ranks second and presents a distinct profile: • extremely high REINFO territorial pressure • significant formal mining coexistence • lower fragility than Puno, but stronger production overlap risk This implies not only governance stress, but also direct exposure of formal mining systems.
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