2501 7.2 Strategic Typology of Territories The TLRI results suggest that Peru’s mining territories can be interpreted through four strategic categories: Critical Risk Territories High illegal pressure and high governance vulnerability. Examples: Puno. Structured Illicit Pressure Territories High illegal pressure with stronger relative institutional conditions. Examples: Arequipa. Transitional High-Risk Territories Intermediate but escalating combinations of exposure and fragility. Examples: Apurímac, Cusco, La Libertad. Latent Vulnerability Territories Lower current pressure but weaker governance capacity, creating future expansion risk. Examples: Amazonas, Huánuco, Piura. This typology supports differentiated policy responses rather than uniform national strategies. 7.3 Barriers to Implementation Several barriers may limit immediate deployment of the TLRI framework: Data Fragmentation Relevant datasets remain dispersed across ministries, regulators, financial intelligence units, and transport authorities. Political Sensitivity Risk classification of territories may generate institutional resistance or local contestation. Proxy Dependence Certain dimensions—especially social legitimacy and territorial influence—require indirect measurement. Analytical Capacity Gaps Implementation requires technical capabilities in data engineering, territorial intelligence, and GIS analytics. These barriers do not invalidate the framework. Rather, they highlight the need for phased implementation and institutional coordination. 7.4 Enablers At the same time, several trends favor TLRI adoption: • growing digitalization of mining and registry databases • stronger anti-money laundering frameworks • increasing ESG disclosure pressure from investors • wider use of GIS dashboards in extractive operations • stronger demand for anticipatory risk systems This creates an increasingly favorable environment for governance intelligence tools. 7.5 Limitations This study should be interpreted as a pilot application. Territorial Aggregation The current version is estimated primarily at regional level. District-level hotspots may be partially masked. Proxy Measurement Some variables capture manifestations of power rather than latent territorial control directly.
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