reinforce the importance of regional, multi-user planning approaches that account for shared resources and territorial interactions, rather than isolated supply solutions focused exclusively on individual mining projects. Overall, the study confirms that participatory, multi-criteria, and spatially explicit planning frameworks provide a robust basis for long-term water infrastructure decision-making in arid, mining-intensive regions. By distinguishing between structurally stable strategic configurations and assumption-sensitive tactical adaptations, the approach enhances transparency, supports the comparison of alternative supply pathways, and offers actionable insights for policymakers, mining companies, and regional planners seeking to balance operational reliability with territorial sustainability under conditions of deep uncertainty. Furthermore, considering these aspects simultaneously promotes the social license to operate among the different stakeholders.
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