177 hydrological stability of the site to protect life, health, and the environment, in accordance with the objectives established in Peruvian mine closure regulations (Ministerio de Energía y Minas [MINEM], 2025). In the Peruvian context, the cost of closure can amount to as much as 50% of the initial investment, highlighting the need for technical and financial planning from the earliest stages (IIMP, 2025a). 3.2. Pillars of Socioeconomic Viability The viability of a “mining tourism” project depends not only on physical safety and remediation, but also on complementary and critical socioeconomic factors (SDSN Bolivia, 2024). Among the former factors, the commitment of workers, companies, and the local population stands out, as well as access to basic services, transportation, lodging, and minimum safety conditions. Complementary factors include visual appeal, historical remains, tourist signage, culinary offerings, and other elements that enrich the visitor experience. These factors demonstrate that historical heritage and aesthetic beauty are not sufficient on their own. A site may be attractive, but if it lacks safety, basic services, or community support, its development as a tourist destination will be unviable. Consequently, the sustainability of mining tourism depends as much on its physical attributes as on the “social license” derived from the participation of the local community (SDSN Bolivia, 2024). The levels of priority among these factors reveal a crucial point: the historical heritage and aesthetic beauty of a place are not enough on their own. A site may be visually attractive because of the vestiges of its past, but if it lacks critical safety indicators, such as measures against landslides, or basic infrastructure, such as a continuous supply of water and other basic services, its tourism development will be considered unviable. Therefore, the true sustainability of a mining tourism project is not based solely on its physical attributes, but fundamentally on the project's "social license," which derives from the support and participation of the local community. The conversion is, in essence, a community development project rather than a simple tourism project. Table 1 shows the levels of factors according to the indicator, adding their description and meaning respectively. Table 1 – Factors and indicators for the sustainability of a mining tourism project Type of Factor Specific Indicator Description and Meaning Critical Interest and commitment of workers, company, and population The support of the community and former mine workers is essential for the success and sustainability of the project, which would be unfeasible without it. Critical Access to basic services The availability of drinking water, access roads, and electricity is an essential requirement for the operation of a tourism business.
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