178 Type of Factor Specific Indicator Description and Meaning Critical Structural safety and signage Protective measures against the risk of collapses, landslides, or falls are mandatory to ensure visitor safety. Compleme ntary Visual and historical appeal The ruins, machinery, and iconic buildings add value and enhance the experience, but they do not compensate for the absence of critical factors. Compleme ntary Support infrastructure (roads, restaurants, etc.) Elements such as road signs, transport arrival points, and gastronomic offerings enrich the visit and the overall tourist experience. 4. GLOBAL CASE STUDIES: LESSONS AND MODELS OF SUCCESS International case studies show that there is no single model for reconversion, but rather a diversity of approaches adapted to the local context and strategic objectives. 4.1. The European Iberian Axis: Pioneering and Adaptation The Riotinto Mining Park in Huelva, Spain, is a pioneering example of socioeconomic revitalization (Cañizares Ruiz, 2011). In response to the crisis in the metal mining industry, the company Río Tinto S.A. established the Río Tinto Foundation in 1987, which promoted the preservation and enhancement of industrial heritage and the creation of local jobs. Through training programs, more than 700 young people were trained, with a job placement rate of nearly 70% (Delgado Domínguez, Romero Macías & Regalado Ortega, 2012). In Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain, the public-private management model has been crucial. Following the cessation of mercury production in 2003, the underground mine, managed by the public company MAYASA, was converted into a cultural and tourist complex that was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2012 (UNESCO, 2012). Its business model is based on sustainability, reinvesting all tourism revenues in the conservation and maintenance of the heritage site (Delgado Domínguez, Romero Macías, & Regalado Ortega, 2012). On the other hand, the Cardona Salt Mountain focuses on the revaluation of a unique geological phenomenon. After the mine closed in 1990, the site has been converted into a tourist center that displays machinery and allows visitors to access an underground gallery, combining industrial history with the wonder of the natural landscape. Table 2 shows other cases of conversion in Spain. Table 2 – Location of other mining museums and parks in Spain Project Name City Region D. Felipe de Borbón Historical Mining Museum Madrid Madrid
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