211 global GHG emission s noncoal mining (Scope 1–2) methane from coal mining Mining & metals (share of Peru total GHG, 2021) 3% Reported as “mining & metals” share of Peru’s total GHG emissions (2021). Secondary source; not strictly comparable to ICMM global Scope 1–2 metric. International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), Global Mining and Metals Greenhouse Gas Emissions Dataset (published Feb 2026; results reported for 2024, Scope 1–2; produced with Wood Mackenzie). Delayed mitigation increases transition risk and economic costs, reinforcing the case for early, sustained abatement [4]. Mining is a strategic focus because it is energy- and fuelintensive while supplying critical minerals needed for clean energy technologies [5]. In Peru, mining’s economic relevance and growing market scrutiny make operational decarbonization a competitiveness issue [6], [7]. Industry commitments and implications for the mining decarbonization agenda and power-system context. Major international mining companies operating in Peru have publicly announced medium‑ and long‑term climate targets, including substantial emissions reductions by 2030 and commitments to achieve net‑zero emissions by mid‑century. These commitments increase the urgency of deploying effective mitigation measures within this decade, with a practical focus on reducing Scope 2 emissions through low‑carbon electricity sourcing and addressing Scope 1 emissions from fuel‑intensive operations, particularly heavy‑duty mobile equipment. In this context, Peru’s power‑system outlook provides a supportive enabling framework: according to COES long‑term planning assumptions for the SEIN, the generation dispatch mix in 2026 is dominated by hydropower and natural gas (approximately 48% and 39%, respectively), with wind and solar representing about 13%, while toward 2036 the share of wind and solar increases materially (to roughly 39%) as hydropower and natural gas decline to around 36% and 25% (11). This evolution reinforces the near‑term relevance of renewable electricity sourcing mechanisms (such as PPAs and attributes) for mining Scope 2 decarbonization, while
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