212 maintaining system reliability as variable renewables scale. 2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE The objectives of this paper are: i. To identify the principal energy‑related sources of GHG emissions in mining operations relevant to the Peruvian context. ii. To assess the alignment of mining decarbonization options with Peru’s climate policy and reporting framework, including national GHG inventory practices and recent policy developments related to low‑emissions energy carriers. iii. To evaluate a portfolio of decarbonization solutions based on renewable electricity, renewable fuels and renewable hydrogen, considering technology readiness and operational applicability to mining environments. The scope of the analysis focuses on operational emissions associated with energy and fuel use. While the relevance of upstream and downstream emissions is acknowledged, the paper concentrates on mitigation options directly applicable at the mining operation level. 3. METHODOLOGY OF APPROACH The methodology combines three layers: (i) global 1.5C-aligned pathways (IPCC/IEA) to define boundary conditions [1], [2]; (ii) Peru-specific public sources (World Bank CCDR background note and Peru’s UNFCCC inventory) to ground the case study [6]–[8]; and (iii) an integrated energy-system perspective to compare portfolios of renewable electricity, renewable fuels and renewable hydrogen under mining constraints. Solutions are differentiated by maturity: near-term measures emphasize renewable electricity sourcing, efficiency, and drop-in renewable fuels, while medium- to long-term options include hydrogen-based solutions for heavy-duty applications, aligned with Peru’s emerging policy framework [9], [10]. 4. KEY RESULTS AND INSIGHTS 4.1 Operational emissions drivers and technical prioritization In mining, the main controllable operational emissions typically come from: (i) liquidfuel combustion in heavy-duty mobile equipment (haul trucks, loaders, drills), (ii) stationary generation where grid access is constrained, and (iii) electricity demand for processing, ventilation, pumping and auxiliaries. Because heavy-duty fleets combine high energy throughput with long asset lifetimes, they are a high-leverage target for near-term abatement in Peru’s context [6], [7].
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2