311 tailings dam development and reclamation procedures. Figure 4 presents this development through the results of the applied NDVI for the entire 50-year study period. Figure 4 – Development of the Benkovski tailings storage facility, represented by NDVI Beyond examining the spatial expansion of the tailings dam, the study also assessed ongoing reclamation efforts. These activities follow a structured, phased program, whereby decommissioned areas are gradually restored in accordance with environmental protection standards. Such interventions are essential for ESG-aligned management, as they effectively prevent the release and spread of fine particulate matter, thereby minimizing risks to air quality and mitigating potential impacts on human health and surrounding ecosystems. In 2012, the Benkovski 1 tailings storage facility underwent full technical and biological reclamation (Fig. 5). Following the completion of these remediation measures, the facility achieved long-term environmental stability and no longer constitutes a source of dust emissions. The successful closure and rehabilitation of Benkovski 1 demonstrate effective risk mitigation and compliance with environmental standards, fully eliminating post-operational risks to the environment and local communities. Figure 5 – The complete reclamation of the Benkovski 1 tailings dam
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2