312 Since the Benkovski 2 tailings dam is still in operation, reclamation is applied progressively. Technical reclamation is followed by biological restoration through the introduction of selected plant species whose root systems stabilize the soil cover and enhance slope integrity (Fig. 6). This approach reduces erosion caused by precipitation and supports long-term slope stability, contributing to land degradation neutrality and ecosystem protection objectives consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals. Figure 6 – Part of the implemented reclamation measures at the Benkovski 2 tailings dam In sections where reclamation has not yet been carried out, irrigation is applied to sustain surface moisture and minimize dust emissions from inactive tailings slopes and beach areas. Upon completion of the concession period, all exposed slopes are expected to undergo full reclamation, while the remaining flat areas and the decant pond will be restored after drainage operations. 5.2 Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)
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