355 diagnose failures and institutionalize improvements. These dynamics align with organizational learning theory, which explains how practices become embedded in routines over time (Crossan et al., 1999), and with capability perspectives that stress a firm’s ability to absorb external knowledge and reconfigure routines as conditions change (Cohen & Levinthal, 1990; Teece, 2007). Culture also matters because it shapes whether standardization, continuous improvement, and cross-functional problem-solving become normal operating behavior, which is why culture frameworks are often used to assess readiness for disciplined execution and change (Cameron & Quinn, 2011). In the mining circularity literature, however, organizational culture and learning are rarely operationalized as explicit constructs; they tend to appear indirectly through adoption barriers, governance requirements, collaboration needs, and integration constraints (Khan & Magweregwede, 2025). 2. Objectives and scope This paper addresses: Technology (mapping recovery and circularity pathways), Trust (improving traceability and comparability of performance claims), and Transformation (proposing an implementable framework and measurement agenda that supports adoption and scale-up analysis). The objectives are: − Map the research landscape (2000–2025) on circularity and recovery in mining using bibliometric performance analysis and science mapping. − Analyze a targeted full-text set using a traceability logic that links waste stream families, recovery mechanism families, and deployment conditions. − Identify reporting gaps that limit adoption and scale-up decisions—especially weak links to operational and economic outcomes and the limited operationalization of culture and learning and propose practical ways to address them (framework, glossary, measurement agenda). − Scope is limited to mining and mining-adjacent recovery contexts where streams, mechanisms, or performance logics are directly relevant to mining and metallurgical residues and effluents. Cross-sector papers are included only when they provide transferable recovery, measurement, or deployment logic that is applicable to mining circularity decisions. 3. Methodology or approach 3.1 Review design We apply a two-stage review method. First, we use bibliometric analysis and science mapping of Scopus and Web of Science records (2000–2025) to identify publication trends and thematic clusters. Second, we conduct a structured full-text synthesis of 18 core papers using a standardized extraction template to compare input streams, recovery mechanisms, performance metrics, and deployment conditions.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2