360 3. Minewater manage ment and recyclin g (includi ng AMD) Mineimpacted water; acidic mine drainage; wastewater streams with recoverable constituents Active/passiv e remediation; sorption/adso rption; biological polishing; integrated recoveryoriented treatment trains Treated water suitable for reuse/dischar ge; recovered metals/salts where feasible; reduced longterm treatment burden Removal/re covery; stability/ro bustness; reagent/ene rgy use; sludge/byproduct handling; sometimes cost discussion 10.12911/22998993 /147409; 10.1016/j.biteb.202 5.102093; 4. Crossindustry valoriza tion and deploy ment configur ations (industr ial symbios is logic) Residues used as inputs for other sectors; construction /material loops; systemlevel circular design Industrial symbiosis framing; material loop redesign; transition/roa dmapping logic; spatial planning Off-site valorization products; reduced demand for virgin materials; regional circular configuration s Often LCA/impac t language; adoption barriers; standards and governance ; fewer consistent process metrics 10.17159/24119717/3603/2025; 10.1016/j.resconrec .2021.105955; 10.3390/app151054 10; 10.3390/su1712532 9; 10.1016/j.biotno.20 25.10.005; Table 3 – Reporting patterns observed in the 18-paper set (what is measured vs what is missing) Reporting element What it usually looks like in papers Pattern in the 18paper set (high / medium / low visibility) Examples from the 18 (DOI) Technical recovery performance Recovery/yield, extraction/removal, selectivity/purity, concentration factor High (core technical emphasis across most technology papers) 10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.1053 62; 10.3390/met15101080; 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134058 ; 10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102093 Resource intensity Reagent/chemical use, energy intensity, sometimes water intensity Medium–High (common in process/technolog y papers; less consistent in system papers) 10.1002/cmtd.202400046; 10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.1053 62; 10.3390/pr12091793
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