60 for the TaiESM1 general circulation model under SSP2-4.5, which is chosen as it is broadly consistent with the IEA STEPS scenario. Figure 2 presents the spatial distribution of extractable water computed at the native resolution of the climate forcing (1.25° × 0.9°). Figure 2 - Extractable water availability in South America from (a) lakes and reservoirs, (b) rivers, and (c) aquifers, derived from TaiESM1 under SSP2-4.5 (mean 2015–2100). 3.3.2 Mining Water Stress Ratio for Porphyry Copper Production The mean mining water stress ratio for porphyry copper production in South America is calculated as the ratio of mean monthly water demand associated with copper production to 10% of mean monthly extractable water availability over the period 2015–2100. Results are shown at the climate model grid resolution, and only grid cells containing at least one porphyry copper deposit are displayed; all other grid cells are masked (see Figure 3).
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