302 factors. Notes: The thresholds shown in Table 1 are configurable and can be adjusted based on site-specific safety policies, vehicle characteristics, and operational constraints. To enhance usability and prevent cognitive overload, guidance messages are rate-limited and delivered at intervals of 5–10 seconds, ensuring that feedback remains timely yet non-intrusive. This design supports sustained operator attention, promotes gradual behavioral adaptation, and improves acceptance of automated decision-support systems. 2.7 Visualization on Operator’s cabin The implementation to enhance the cycletime performance in hauler cycle is done by developing the recommendation dashboard that installed on the fleet management system device cycle time target recommendations within the Hauler Fleet Management System (FMS). This feature provides operators with real-time guidance on the expected optimal cycle time based on operational conditions and production targets. By displaying clear and achievable cycle time benchmarks directly on the incab FMS unit, operators become more aware of their performance relative to the target. This increases operational discipline, reduces unnecessary delays during loading, hauling, dumping, and queuing, and encourages more consistent driving behavior. Figue 2. Truck’s Hauling Cycletime Recommendation after Loading The implementation not only improves individual operator productivity but also enhances overall fleet efficiency by reducing cycle time variability, increasing equipment utilization, and supporting the achievement of daily production targets. In the long term, this data-driven guidance helps build a performance-oriented
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