303 culture and enables supervisors to monitor, evaluate, and continuously optimize hauling operations. Figue 3. Truck’s Hauling Rest of Cycletime Recommendation after Dumping The recommended cycle time in the Hauler FMS is calculated based on a full operational cycle. The cycle time counting begins when the dump truck leaves the loading point (front) and continues through the hauling, dumping, and return activities. The measurement is completed when the truck returns to the same loading point (front) and is ready for the next loading process. This end-to-end cycle definition ensures that the performance evaluation reflects the actual operational efficiency, including travel time, dumping duration, return movement, and any delays occurring within the cycle. By standardizing the start and end points at the same front location, the system provides a consistent and comparable performance benchmark for operators and supervisors, supporting more accurate monitoring and continuous improvement of hauling productivity. 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results presented in Table 2 summarize the performance of the proposed adaptive machine learning system across three complementary dimensions: predictive accuracy, operational impact, and productivity outcomes. Evaluation was conducted using a combination of simulated scenarios and real-world telemetry data to ensure both methodological rigor and practical relevance. Predictive accuracy metrics quantify how closely the model’s outputs align with observed vehicle behavior under real operating conditions. Operational impact metrics capture changes in driving behavior, energy efficiency, and mechanical
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