67 From over 600 recorded deposits/occurrences, meaningful information about resources for approx. 220 deposits is available. Further geological information was collected from all deposits/occurrences (deposit type, quality [e.g. lumps, flakes, cryptocrystallines], age of formation, geological - tectonic position), which was used in particular for the identification of metallogenetic districts. Geopolitical and socio-economic data were also assigned to each individual deposit. Both the tonnages and the C-grade of the graphite deposits vary enormously. The smallest economically exploited deposits contain hardly more than 1000 t, whereas the largest have over 100 Mio t of resources (e.g. Balama / Mozambique or Huangyangshan1 / China). The C-grade in active mines vary between only 1% (Corrego Fundo / Brazil) and 95.7% (Kotuhena / Sri Lanka). Fig. 2: Tonnage and grade of global graphite deposits / occurrences Red: lumps; black: cryptocrystalline quality; yellow: flakes On the one hand, Figure 2 shows the enormous ranges in both the C-grade of the ore and resources, as well as the characteristic distribution of ore qualities (lumps, flakes, cryptocrystallines). 3.1 Geopolitical and socioeconomic settings For linking the resource data with political stability, the annually updated key figure (“political stability and absence of violence”) from the World Bank's World Governance Indicators was used (as of 2024). The average per capita annual income was derived using annually updated information from the World Bank. The Democracy Index created by the University of Würzburg was used to classify the understanding of democracy among the individual countries. The influences of environmental impacts were measured using the Yale University Environmental Performance index (EPI).
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