171 In LCA, environmental impacts are quantified in the LCIA phase, and the LCI phase provides a list of elementary flows (i.e., inputs such as resources and outputs such as emissions into air, water, and soil, and waste generation). This means that from LCA, two types of results can be quantified: environmental impacts and elementary flows. For comparison, the LCI results for elementary flows related to air emissions are used to compare with those obtained from the DAE method. Figure 6 - System boundary assessed in this study. Table 2 – Emission source and the type of emission considered in the DAE estimation method. Emission source Emissions Drilling and Blasting TSP, PM10, and PM2.5; explosive use-related emissions: NOx, CO2. Material processing Material processing diffused emissions: Dust, including TSP, PM10, and PM2.5. Material processing stack emissions: Dust, including TSP, PM10, and PM2.5. Internal transport in the quarry TSP, PM10, and PM2.5; fuel combustion-emissions, including TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, NOx, CO2, Material handling Dust, including TSP, PM10, and PM2.5. Wind erosion from stockpiles Dust, including TSP, PM10, and PM2.5. Driling and blasting Concrete production, railways, buildings and road construction, etc. Material and Energy Material and Energy Waste and Emissions Material and Energy Material handling Waste and Emissions Fine Coarse Crushing plant Excavation Waste and Emissions External transport
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