203 In contrast, Local value added and Stakeholder engagement display a markedly higher asymmetry between operational and normative explicit requirements. In these areas, IRMA places strong emphasis on formalized processes, such as engagement planning, consultation mechanisms, and grievance procedures, yet less frequently codifies clearly defined minimum outcome thresholds. This suggests that, although participatory and local development mechanisms are institutionalized, the articulation of guaranteed substantive results remains less explicit. Management systems & Regulatory compliance provisions further reinforce this pattern. Governance requirements are strongly structured around management systems, continuous improvement, and regulatory compliance, but show more limited formalization of nonnegotiable substantive obligations. Table 2: Governance assessment under the dual-lens framework (IRMA Case) Criterion Operational strength Normative Alignment Structural interpretation Supply chain traceability High High Balanced structural integration Local value added ModerateHigh Low Process-oriented, outcome-light Business Practices Moderate Moderate Strong in anticorruption, weak in strategic governance Management systems & Regulatory compliance Moderate Low System-based governance with limited substantive obligations Due diligence process High Moderate Procedural robustness with partial regulatory incorporation Institutional enablers Moderate Low Selective institutional support Stakeholder engagement Very High Moderate-Low Strong engagement systems; limited outcome guarantees 4.2 Social The social dimension presents a differentiated internal structure rather than a uniform level of alignment (Table 3). Several relatively strong criteria can be identified, notably Cultural heritage, Land acquisition, Labour and working conditions, and Occupational health and safety. In these areas, IRMA establishes a structured architecture of requirements addressing heritage protection mechanisms, resettlement planning, employment conditions, and workplace safety systems.
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