245 National Policy on Payments for Environmental Services (Law No. 14.119/2021) is under regulation. d.2.) Mine Closure Resources: Mine closure involves decommissioning, environmental recovery, and defining future land use, aligning territorial vocations, socio-economic capacities, and sustainable resource use. Companies must deposit guarantees24 with governments for these activities. d.3.) Regional Environmental Compensation Funds: Through Provisional Measure 809/2017 (Law 13.668/2018), the Chico Mendes Institute selects an official financial institution to create and manage a private fund with environmental compensation resources for federal conservation units. e. Funds from TACs (Adjustment Terms) and Loss & Damage: Despite voluntary or mandatory efforts, extreme events often exceed corporate and national capacity, requiring TACs for remediation and public policy strengthening. Examples: Mariana (2015) and Brumadinho (2019) disasters, Braskem in Maceió (AL), and MP 1278/2024 creating the Extreme Climate Event Recovery Fund (R$6.5 billion). TACs remain recent, without guaranteed intergenerational transfer or economic diversification. f. Environmental and Climate Development Funds: f.1.) Regional Accounting and Clean Development Funds: Amazon (FDA), Northeast (FDNE), and Midwest (FDCO) development funds promote regional development. FDIRS supports sustainable infrastructure, PPPs in sanitation, transport, urban infrastructure, and water security, expanding access to public services. f.2.) National Environmental and Climate Development Funds: Funds like Brazil’s National Climate Change Fund (FNMCL) finance mitigation and adaptation projects using public and international resources, aiming to conserve the environment, promote sustainable use, and benefit vulnerable communities. g.) International Clean Technology Funds: 24Emblematic examples of this trajectory include cities such as Niquelândia (GO), Itabira (MG), and Parauapebas (PA), which face challenges in diversifying their economies..
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