49 1. INTRODUCTION The Urban Mining model is mainly associated with the reuse of precious metals, such as gold, silver, platinum, and iridium, and other metals that are primarily used in the electronics industry. In practice, the Urban Mining model has a much wider scope and refers to the implementation of different recycling processes and the reuse of both individual components and materials of products, industrial and residential buildings, infrastructure, and various types of waste that can be extracted from urban environments and used as raw materials [8, 9, 10]. Further, the Urban Mining model is based on the concept of Sustainable Development, which assumes that we live in a closed resource-constrained ecosystem, and on the concept of Industrial Ecology, which examines the material and energy flows of products and processes in the industry and economy [3]. In the past and in sometimes even today, the dominant economic model of action is the Take-Make-Waste linear model, in which we extract the raw materials from environment, which are then used for the manufacture of products and are discarded after end of use as waste. The model is also called the end-of-the-pipe. We must first replace this model with the Urban Mining model in which it is also includes the re-use of end-of-life products, buildings/facilities and waste, which stand out from the end-of-pipe model and upgrade it by their integration into the circular model. The Urban Mining model, makes it easier to leave the old linear model, socalled. model of "dredging in waste", but before entering into the Circular model, it is necessary to develop a systemic approach and to follow the principles of Industrial Ecology in the implementation of various activities for the extraction and reuse of waste/secondary materials. The goals followed by the Urban Mining model relate primarily to the extraction of the secondary raw materials, energy recovery, remediation of environmental burdens and damages, rehabilitation and re-use of land with deposited wastes for other purposes, reduction of maintenance costs and costs of institutional control of closed landfills as well as the implementation of mining works in an urban areas with less impact on the environment. 2. URBAN MINING MODEL The definition of the Urban Mining model, mainly due to different interpretations, is not yet final. Some understand a model to describe the recycling of resources from old landfills, others use it to explain traditional waste recycling schemes, such as, for example, construction waste, scrap iron, waste plastic or glass, and thirdly, it is understood as the development of more environmentally friendly mining methods and techniques for the exploitation of mineral resources in the vicinity of urban areas. Urban Mining model denotes a new systematic approach to the re-use of anthropogenic substances from urban environments and is based primarily on the fact that, in addition to geological environments, large quantities of different materials are located in urban areas, not only in buildings and infrastructure, but mainly in used products and wastes in landfills. These deposited secondary materials represent a large potential source,
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