Track 5: Cross-Cutting Themes

50 which after the end of their life or after cessation of their use, are mainly the possibility of reuse. The Urban Mining model is essentially a new approach towards the implementation of material and energy recycling. Figure 1 - Principle of Urban Mining model [9,10]. Before implement of the Urban Mining model, the principle you can see in Figure 1., we must first obtain foremost reliable and credible data on material mass flows and waste quantities. Similar to the exploitation of primary (non-renewable) mineral resources, we must know the waste characteristics, such as the quantities and proportions of useful materials in waste, the quantity of materials in stocks, the availability of material deposit sites. The presence of other waste materials also must be known and determined whether a certain waste material resource can be economically extracted. The same applies to the processing of mass flows of materials and waste materials from urban areas. For the transition from the current state of recycling to the next phase of Urban Mining model, a new knowledge base needs to be developed to convert materials into a better form and use it in a more efficient way. In particular, it is necessary to obtain information on the various possibilities of using the products during its lifetime and the possibility of using its components and materials after the expiry date of the products. The Urban Mining model refers not only to the use of secondary materials from the waste streams, but also to a more effective integrated approach, which also includes the use of energy [5]. The implementation of the Urban Mining model in the vicinity of sources of secondary raw materials can be an important competitive advantage in the operation of mining companies in urban areas. Waste collection and recycling logistics requires a lot of energy consumption, as well as the recycling and recovery processes themselve. Therefore, in the case of the introduction of the Urban Mining model, short transport distances and the use of energy-

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