production environments remains comparatively underrepresented in academic literature. This gap highlights the need for structured implementation methodologies capable of bridging technological readiness with operational deployment. (Rajasekhar & Jaswal, 2015) 1.3. Problem to be addressed Despite technological advancements, conventional rotary blasthole drilling operations remain highly dependent on the physical presence of operators inside the drill cabin. This operating model exposes personnel to prolonged vibration, high noise levels, dust, extreme weather conditions, and proximity to hazardous zones. From an operational standpoint, manual drilling introduces variability driven by individual operator experience, fatigue, and changing ground conditions. This variability affects drilling consistency, blast quality, and overall system efficiency. Furthermore, reliance on cabin-based operation limits scalability, such as extending operating hours or increasing production requires proportional increases in skilled personnel physically present at the equipment. These safety, performance, and scalability challenges underscore the need for structured approaches that decouple human presence from hazardous environments while preserving human expertise and decision-making. 1.4. Objectives The objective of this paper is to present and analyze a methodology developed in Peru for the progressive implementation of tele-operation and autonomy in large-diameter rotary blasthole drills used in surface mining operations. The proposed approach seeks to reduce operator exposure to hazardous conditions, improve drilling process consistency, and enable a new model of human–machine interaction while maintaining human supervision as a central element of the operation. 1.4.1. General Objective: To develop and implement a progressive tele-operation and autonomy model for rotary blasthole drilling that enhances safety, operational efficiency, and the transformation of traditional operating practices in surface mining. (Iversen et al., 2013a) 1.4.2. Specific Objectives: • To reduce operator exposure to high-risk conditions through the gradual physical separation between personnel and the drilling environment. • To increase drilling consistency and repeatability through the application of supervised autonomous functions. • To redefine the operator’s role from direct manual control to supervisory and exception-based management. • To develop the technical and organizational capabilities required for the sustainable adoption of tele-operated and autonomous drilling systems in large-scale mining operations. 2. Methodology The implementation of tele-operation and autonomy in large-diameter rotary blasthole drilling was addressed through a structured and progressive methodology developed and
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM0Mzk2