emphasis on dams, waste rock dumps, and integration of commingling technologies. This methodological approach comprises: ● Review of design and sequencing processes: Analysis of procedures used in waste dump planning and disposal, considering both geotechnical and geochemical criteria to ensure infrastructure stability and sustainability. ● Identification of key variables: Selection of fundamental operational parameters, such as granulometry, permeability, geochemical behavior, and storage capacity, which directly affect the viability and performance of dumps and material mixtures. ● Definition of case tree: Structure of a decision tree that contemplates long-term strategic scenarios, allowing comparison of alternatives under different combinations of variables and operational constraints. ● Results evaluation: Application of sensitivity analyses and cost-benefit evaluations to determine the impact of each alternative on mine life extension, environmental risk reduction, and resource optimization. Decision Tree for Strategic Planning The decision tree developed for long-term strategic planning at Antamina follows sequential logic that allows evaluation of feasibility and impact of main operational alternatives: ● Commingling feasibility: The first node of the tree determines whether integration of tailings and waste rock is technically and economically viable, considering material characteristics and regulatory constraints. ● Entry into new area: If commingling is feasible, the next node evaluates the possibility of disposing material in a new area, analyzing topographic, environmental, and access aspects. ● Need for new dam: Finally, it determines whether construction of a new tailings dam is essential or if the commingling solution allows dispensing with this infrastructure, optimizing investment and reducing environmental impact. Each of these decisions conditions mine life extension, efficient space use, and environmental risk management, allowing selection of the alternative that maximizes economic, social, and environmental value of the project. 104
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