2. METHOD The research follows the theory of strategic planning, specifically regarding investment promotion strategies, which integrate the diagnosis of dimensions, the evaluation and formulation of strategies and plans oriented toward achieving a vision—in this case, an agenda of “sustainable development.” This theory also suggests that every plan should include monitoring and control mechanisms for corrective measures and/or continuous improvement, precisely to measure the “sustainability of the mining sector” through its indicator (ISSM). Figure 1 summarizes the overall picture of the theory and the scope of the research. This is an applied research study; a descriptive method, a lesson-learned study; a documentary, non-experimental design. The population analyzed consists of the results of the mining investment promotion process implemented in Peru from 1990 to 2025, using a non-probability sample. Two successful cases of investment promotion in mining projects in Peru (Antamina and Las Bambas) were selected by convenience sampling. The independent variable (x) is the Investment Promotion Strategy; and its dimensions are: x1: International Environment for Promoting Mining Investments (International Competitiveness) with a weight of 40%; x2: Governance (internal competitiveness) with a weight of 40%; and x3: Lessons learned and continuous improvement of the Promotion Strategy (Experience or Knowledge) with a weight of 20%. The assessment of xij indicators is green when the range value varies from 70% to 100% (opportunity, strength); yellow when the range varies from 50% to 70% (medium, average); and red when the range is less than 50%, which signifies risk or weakness. The sustainability of the mining sector is a dependent variable (y), and its indicator is the mining sector sustainability index (ISSM), which is a function of x: y = f(x) = 40%x1 + 40%x2 + 20%x3, as described in Figure 1. 17
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