In parallel, STRACON implemented the “Upskill” and “Multiskill” programs — complementary training architectures designed for experienced operators already integrated into Quellaveco. Upskill provides vertical development pathways toward more technically complex equipment, such as drills, while Multiskill enhances horizontal growth by diversifying skills across multiple machines and functions. This dual model optimized both versatility and retention of technical talent. The workforce transformation strategy was supported by a structured career development model that defined clear progression pathways aligned with the competency requirements of autonomous operations and digital mine roles (e.g., control room, field support, and technology-enabled supervision), as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 – STRACON Career Path – Clean Skin Program at Quellaveco Results The implementation of this integrated deployment approach—combining technology, operational design, and workforce transformation—generated measurable operational, social, and organizational outcomes, contributing to the project’s social license to operate (SAMMI Andean Mining Cluster et al., 2021). In terms of safety performance, the autonomous fleet implementation increased operational safety standards by minimizing exposure to high-impact events, particularly collision-related risks associated with conventional haulage operations. Operationally, the structured methodology developed for autonomous truck deployment contributed to improved productivity levels, maintaining stable performance even under challenging weather conditions and high-altitude constraints. The effectiveness of the integrated technical and human-centered approach was further reflected in institutional recognition, including Anglo American’s Golden Shovel award—granted among its open-pit mining operations—as well as acknowledgments related to labor relations and collaborative management practices. Additionally, the practices and structured training models implemented at Quellaveco have evolved into transferable methodological assets, serving as a benchmark for mining operators and contractors pursuing technological transformation aligned with inclusive workforce 189
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