coordination among the State, business associations, civil society, and academia. At the subnational level, it has been implemented in Moquegua and Cajamarca through various initiatives. The PNMM toward 2050 is based on RIMAY’s principles. However, frequent government changes and high ministerial turnover—over twenty ministers from 2016 to 2025)—have disrupted key RIMAY processes, the PNMM, and other critical initiatives. Chile – SQM Lithium Ventures: Aims to reduce continental water extraction in the Salar de Atacama by 50% by 2030. It has established a unique public–private partnership to minimize ecosystem impact. The company promotes circular economy, such as producing 150,000 pallets annually from reused bulk bags and recovered plastic waste, and partners with Uber to reduce CO₂ emissions through electric vehicle rides. Since 2022, SQM Lithium Ventures has supported lithium entrepreneurship within Chile and internationally. Chile – Minera Los Pelambres: Promotes collective sustainable development through public–private coordination, dialogue, and participation based on a shared territorial vision. The company reuses 83–85% of the water in its production processes and, in 2024, commissioned the first desalination plant for mining in central Chile. It also protects biodiversity by conserving six hectares for every operational hectare in the Choapa Province and assesses social impact through its Impact Ecosystem, aligned with the SDGs. Chile – Mining Institutional Framework (Alianza Valor Minero-AVM, Alta Ley-AL, and PNM 2050): Comprises regulations, state-owned enterprises, and public–private initiatives such as PNM 2050, AVM, and AL. AVM promotes inclusive cross-sectoral dialogue, while AL coordinates public–private innovation and technology transfer. PNM 2050, currently under consultation, is subject to a Strategic Environmental Assessment. Key results include a resilient state mining policy, a seven-point increase in the Digital Transformation Index of mining suppliers (2021–2025), reduced digital maturity gaps, a threefold rise in AI use, and increased—though still limited—adoption of big data, virtual reality, and digital twins. Brazil _Vale _ The Carajás Railway (EFC): is a major freight line essential for iron ore transport, passenger services, and regional logistics. Forty years on, the Carajás Mining Complex supports decarbonization and climate mitigation. The EFC has a complex territorial impact, linking communities along its 892 km route, boosting urban employment, and diversifying regional economies. 4. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations As Smith et al (2023) contend, the energy transition is widening the gap between the growing urgency for new mineral supplies and the still-limited social acceptance of mining activities. In this context, rebuilding trust should not be understood as a reputational objective, but rather as an enabling condition for operational continuity, the timely approval of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), and—most critically—for aligning mining activities with verifiable pathways of territorial well-being and long-term development. As its main conclusion and policy recommendation, this paper proposes a Policy and Innovation Roadmap aimed at transforming mining regions into Smart Territories, using the 139
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