legislation in India largely drives sustainable and responsible practices in the mineral sector, as companies have shown very limited interest in self-regulation. Important legislations such as DMF, PESA, FRA, and LARRA, which provide community benefits and protect their rights, have not led to improvements in basic amenities in mining regions. Limited recognition of forest rights has led to increased conflicts. The proposed framework requires coordination and shared responsibilities between government bodies and the private sector to introduce, implement, and sustain responsible mining and processing practices in India. Government scrutiny alone cannot address the challenges faced by different stakeholders – private companies must be frontrunners in creating responsible mineral value chains. REFERENCES Bansal, K., & Kapoor, I. (2023). Post-Lease Clearances: Streamlining the Time-Cost. Centre for Social and Economic Progress. Basu, A. (2024, September 24). Seeing red: Air pollution in Odisha’s iron ore mining districts. From Down To Earth: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/pollution/seeing-red-air-pollution-in-odishas-iron-ore-mi ning-districts Chandra Bhushan, S. B. (2025). District Mineral Foundation and Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana: A Decadal Assessment. New Delhi: International Forum for Environment, Sustainability and Technology (iFOREST). From https://iforest.global/report/district-mineral-foundation-and-pradhan-mantri-khanij-kshetr a-kalyan-yojana-a-decadal-assessment/ CJP Team. (2022, August 24). PESA Act: Origins, Workings and Challenges (26 years after its enactment, implementation still inadequate). From CJP: https://cjp.org.in/pesa-act-origins-workings-and-challenges/ Commission, E. (2025, December 9). Corporate sustainability reporting. From European Commission: https://finance.ec.europa.eu/financial-markets/company-reporting-and-auditing/companyreporting/corporate-sustainability-reporting_en CSR Box. (2024). India CSR Outlook Report. CSR Box. From https://csrboximpact.in/storage/publications/India-CSR-Outlook-Report-2024.pdf Devarajan, M., & Rajan, A. (2021). Silicosis in Rajasthan: The Trajectory of Policy Response. Economic and Political Weekly, 56(23). From https://www.epw.in/journal/2021/23/special-articles/silicosis-rajasthan.html EITI. (2023, June). Explainer: EITI Standard 2023. From Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: https://eiti.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/Explainer_EITI%20Standard%202023_%20Su mmary%20of%20changes.pdf 155
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