A total of 124 valid responses were analyzed. The sample was balanced between mine operators (50.8%) and contractors (49.2%), providing a multi-company perspective. Respondents mainly represented open-pit mining (37.9%) and underground mining (36.3%), followed by processing plants (11.3%), exploration/project environments (10.5%), and smelting/refining (4.0%). The sample also reflected substantial mining experience: 47.6% of respondents reported 10–20 years of experience, while 25.8% reported more than 20 years. Regarding digital maturity, 84.7% of respondents indicated that digital tools are used either partially or widely for safety management. However, only 29.0% reported the use of advanced analytics or artificial intelligence, while 61.3% indicated that these technologies are not currently used. This suggests that digital safety tools are present in the surveyed mining contexts, but AI-enabled or advanced analytical applications remain comparatively limited. 7.2 Maturity of the Three Human + Digital Pillars Composite indices showed acceptable to high internal consistency across the three model pillars. The AI-augmented judgment and critical thinking pillar obtained a mean score of 3.76/5 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.727. The emotional intelligence, communication, and trust pillar obtained 3.90/5 and an alpha of 0.839. The strategic foresight and change management pillar obtained 3.85/5 and an alpha of 0.887. The global Human + Digital Leadership Index obtained 3.84/5 and an alpha of 0.907, supporting its use for exploratory interpretation. At the item level, 81.5% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that digital tools improve safety decision-making, but only 49.2% agreed that leaders critically question and validate digital information. This suggests that critical validation remains a development area. Communication emerged as the strongest dimension: 93.5% agreed that communication strengthens preventive culture, and 79.8% agreed that safety data are translated into understandable actions. For change management, 83.9% perceived long-term vision in technology adoption, but only 63.7% agreed that teams receive adequate support to adapt to new digital tools. Table 1 - Human + Digital leadership pillars and perceived outcomes Dimension Mean / 5 Cronbach’s alpha Key finding AI-augmented judgment and critical thinking 3.76 0.727 Digital tools are valued, but critical validation is weaker Communication, emotional intelligence and trust 3.90 0.839 Communication strongly supports preventive culture Strategic foresight and change management 3.85 0.887 Strategic alignment is high, but adaptation support is lower Human + Digital Leadership Index 3.84 0.907 Overall exploratory maturity is moderate-high 35
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